Fig 1: Distribution of BCMA in SLE patients and HCs. (A) Gating strategy example for BCMA on CD3+ and CD19+ cells. The percentages of CD19+ cells (B), CD3+ cells (C) and plasma cells (D) from SLE patients or HCs with membrane BCMA (mBCMA) expression. mBCMA MFIs of CD19+ cells (E), CD3+ cells (F) and plasma cells (G) from SLE patients or HCs. Correlations between the level of sBCMA and mBCMA+ percentage of CD19+ cells (H) or mBCMA MFI of plasma cells (I). Serum concentrations (ng/mL) of the cytokines (J) B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), (K) B cell activating factor (BAFF), and (L) a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). The bars show the median level, and the error bars represent the min-max. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Fig 2: Evaluation of serum B cell proliferation factor levels as potential biomarkers of active SLE. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUCs) for prediction models discriminating (A) SLE patients and HCs or (B) clinically active disease and LDA. ROC curves are shown for sBAFF (dotted pink line), sAPRIL (dotted green line), sBCMA (orange line), C3 (blue line), C4 (black line) and anti-dsDNA antibodies (purple line). Youden’s J index (open orange circles) (C) Discriminant analysis using cytokine levels to classify active SLE patients (green circles), LDA SLE patients (blue triangles), and HCs with no personal or family history of autoimmunity (purple pentagons). Two canonical discriminant functions, function 1 and function 2, were generated based on their individual standardized coefficients. There is clear discrimination among the 3 groups, and the model predicts group membership with 80.3% accuracy. Full squares represent the group centroid. BCMA: B-cell maturation antigen; BAFF: B-cell activating factor; APRIL: a proliferation-inducing ligand.
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